Showing posts with label Richard Claxton Gregory. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Richard Claxton Gregory. Show all posts

Monday, November 1, 2021

Jeremy Cohen

 







Jeremy Cohen, June 28, 1982 (Baltimore, Md.) -

VP candidate for Libertarian Party (aka Independent) (2020)

Running mate with nominee: Joanne Marie Jorgensen (b. 1957)
Popular vote: 1,865,724 (1.18%)
Electoral vote: 0/538

The campaign:

Jeremy "Spike" Cohen was a protégé of perennial performance artist candidate Vermin Supreme. Unlike the mainstream two parties, Libertarian candidates frequently name their selection for Vice-President well ahead of the nomination process. Vermin's choice was Spike Cohen.

Cohen had written on Supreme's website--

My name is Spike Cohen, and I’m running for the Libertarian nomination for Vice President.  My beliefs lines up solidly with the Libertarian Party Platform, with the only exceptions being when I think it doesn’t go quite far enough in promoting maximum freedom.  I understand that the Platform is an attempt to compromise between different positions and I completely respect that, but as an individual candidate my policy is anarchy.

With that said, I realize as that as Vice President I will not be able to simply snap my fingers and make government go away.  For that reason, I am willing and eager to compromise as hard as I absolutely need to in order to change government from the inside.  As we all know, compromising on principle with sociopaths who want to enslave the world is a surefire way to achieve positive change.

To that end, I am unleashing my Verbal Agreement For An Even Better America, which builds upon Vermin’s 4 Point Platform of Free Ponies, Mandatory Tooth Brushing, Zombie Power and Killing Baby Hitler to create the greatest world any of us could possibly imagine.

I pledge that all of these things will happen in the first 100 days of our administration, or else I will resign and be replaced with Baby Yoda:


Early in his campaign with Supreme, Cohen told one reporter, "We've been accused of doing this as some kind of satirical campaign. That we're trying to shed light on the fact that that this entire system is a joke. This is a ridiculous accusation. I reject it entirely. We're of course perfectly serious about our entire platform ... The chips are stacked against us from the president down to the congress to most major media ... It's the system that's a joke and it treats us as a joke and it treats the idea of having more than two options as a joke. We're changing the punch line by trolling the system."

Although Supreme's quest for the nomination was not a success (he finished in third place), Cohen narrowly won the VP nod on the third ballot by defeating John Monds. The latter was the first choice of Presidential nominee Jo Jorgensen. She had been the 1996 Libertarian running-mate and the first woman to run for President under the Party's banner.

The selection of Cohen for the second spot drew some negative reaction from certain politicos. The New York Intelligencer ran an article entitled, "Libertarians Decide to Become a Joke in 2020" by Ed Kilgore, including the following--

But the effort to make the Libertarian Party a viable option without celebrity leadership will perhaps be tested the most by Cohen’s presence on the national ticket. He appears to have completely internalized Supreme’s troll-ish approach to politics, as indicated in an interview earlier this year:

    “It’s the system that’s a joke and it treats us as a joke and it treats the idea of having more than two options as a joke.” he explained. “We’re changing the punch line by trolling the system.”

And so, when running for the veep nomination, Cohen trumped Supreme’s free-pony promise (politicians promise people everything, you see) with an extra offer of free cheesy bread and Waffle Houses on every corner. He also added to Supreme’s long-standing pledge to fund time-travel research and then go back to kill Baby Adolf Hitler with a pledge to kill Baby Woodrow Wilson, too.

Let’s just stipulate that Spike Cohen, like Vermin Supreme, is at best an acquired taste. Aside from all the aggressive trolling, he self-identifies as an anarchist. On the positive side, from a seriousness point of view, he does not wear a boot on his head.


However from what I observed, Cohen rose to the occasion after his VP nomination and waged a relatively serious campaign clearly articulating the Libertarian positions in a professional manner. He was even occasionally seen wearing a necktie. He did travel on a bus tour late in the campaign, but due to COVID-19 it seems many of his public appearances were online with podcasters.

Jorgensen's final popular vote tally was the highest of any female third party Presidential candidate in U.S. history. The Libertarian ticket, as usual saw their strongest results in the West: South Dakota (2.63%), North Dakota (2.60%), Utah (2.58%), Montana (2.53%), Alaska (2.47%), Kansas (2.23%), Nebraska (2.12%), and Wyoming (2.08%). They finished with over 1% and just under in more than 30 additional states.

The 2020 results ended with the second highest number of popular votes and percentage (after 2016) in the history of the Party. It was only the third time the Libertarian Presidential candidate cracked 1% nationally and likewise for exceeding a million votes.

If one accepts the debatable premise the Libertarians were spoilers who hurt Trump and helped Biden, then Jorgensen/Cohen would possibly have made a difference in favor of the Democrats in Georgia, Arizona, and Wisconsin. But even so, Trump winning all three would still have put him under the 270 Electoral votes needed to win.

Since both Libertarian candidates were residents of South Carolina there would have been a potential legal snag in the event of their victory per the Constitution.

Election history: none

Other occupations: web designer, podcaster

Notes:
One of Cohen's final stops on his bus tour was in Olympia, Wash. on the Capitol Campus on the site of the original Governor's house, in fact. His rally was held across the street from the old Thurston County Courthouse, where I registered to vote the day I turned 18 back in 19[*cough!* *cough!*] not long after 18 year olds were granted the right to vote. Wish I had known he was appearing here, I would have attended for pure academic interest.
Washington State trivia alert about that courthouse regarding third party Presidential candidate and also VP candidate (with Eugene McCarthy) Dick Gregory-- Dick Gregory was a ground-breaking African American comedian who became better known as a political activist than as an entertainer. I first became aware of Gregory in the 1960s when he protested in favor of the Nisqually Indians treaty fishing rights. For his trouble he was tossed into the Thurston County jail in Olympia, Washington where he engaged in a fast. In those days the jail was in the old courthouse across the street from the Capitol campus. The Nisqually people had set up a camp across the street on the Cap campus lawn in a show of support for Gregory. Talking with them was a political education for me and left a deep impression, so in that sense Gregory was successful in communicating his message to at least one individual. 

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Benjamin McLane Spock












Benjamin McLane Spock, May 2, 1903 (New Haven, Conn.) – March 15, 1998 (La Jolla, Calif.)

VP candidate for National Conference for a New Politics (1968)
VP candidate for Peace and Freedom Party (1968)
VP candidate for People's Party (1976)

Running mate with nominee (1968): Martin Luther King (1929-1968)
Running mate with nominee (1968): Dick Gregory (1932-2017)
Running mate with nominee (1976): Margaret Nusom Wright (1922-1996)
Popular vote (1968): 1680 (0.00%)
Popular vote (1976): 49,016 (0.06%)
Electoral vote (1968, 1976): 0/538

The campaign (1968):

In early 1967 several Leftist activists had been attempting to convince Rev. Martin Luther King of making a run for President in 1968. In August 1967 at a convention held by a loose alliance of progressive and civil rights groups called the National Conference for a New Politics, Rev. King and Dr. Benjamin Spock were nominated as a Presidential ticket. The group never met again. King refused to fully embrace the electioneering idea and was assassinated before any effort could be seriously pursued.

Meanwhile, after his unsuccessful run for Mayor of Chicago in 1967 as an independent, comedian and activist Dick Gregory wanted another try at elected office and decided to run for President as an outsider. As he said in an interview during the 1968 campaign, "I feel the two-party system is obsolete. The two-party system is so corrupt and immoral that it cannot solve the problems confronting the masses of people in this country. I did agree to accept the nomination in various states from independent organizations who had already had a position on the ballot and this why I have accepted."

Gregory ran in several states as a write-in or sometimes showed up on the ballot itself, under the banner of multiple political parties, with various running mates. No matter what the platform of the party he was using as a vehicle, Dick Gregory was still Dick Gregory.

When the newly created Peace and Freedom Party held their first chaotic convention, Dick Gregory was outvoted in the nomination process by Black Panther Party leader Eldridge Cleaver. In Pennsylvania and Virginia, Gregory was run under the Peace and Freedom Party banner anyway, with anti-war Dr. Benjamin Spock as his running mate. Spock managed to withdraw from the Pennsylvania ticket, replaced by Mark Lane. This left Virginia as the only state where this team was presented and Spock was considered a "stand-in" until someone else came along. But someone else did not come along.

Before Dr. Spock became known as a Leftist activist, he was already a celebrity as the author of the national best-seller Baby and Child Care (1946). The book came back to haunt him during the Youth Rebellion of the late 1960s/early 1970s, with many on the conservative side blaming Spock's promotion of "permissiveness" as one of the causes of the Generation Gap. Spock regarded these attacks as ad hominem and groundless.

The Gregory campaign placed 5th nationally (outpolling Cleaver) with 47,149 popular votes (0.06%). The Gregory/Spock ticket earned 1680 (0.12%) popular votes in Virginia.

The campaign (1976):

The People's Party was a confederation of minor parties, mostly local. In 1976 those parties included the Peace and Freedom Party (Calif.), Human Rights Party (Mich.), Vermont Liberty Union, and the Bicentennial Reality Party (Wash.)

The Presidential nominee was Margaret Wright, who was radicalized during union activity as a "Rosie the Riveter" worker for Lockheed during WWII. She later became a civil rights activist and by the late 1960s was the Black Panther Party Minister of Education. In 1976 the People's Party nominated Wright for President and Gray Panthers founder Maggie Kuhn (1905-1995), an activist for seniors, as her running mate. Kuhn declined, so the 1972 People's Party Presidential nominee, Dr. Benjamin Spock was selected as the replacement Vice-Presidential choice.

Wright scraped up enough money to make campaign visits in her old Ford station wagon. The ticket was on the ballot in six states. Wright wanted to be on the ballot in the Green Mountain State under the banner of the the Vermont Liberty Union Party (which was running Bernie Sanders for Governor in 1976) but could not file for want of the $1000 fee required.

The final popular vote results for the Wright/Spock ticket: California (Peace and Freedom Party) 0.53%, Michigan (Human Rights Party) 0.10%, Washington (Bicentennial Reality Party) 0.07%, Wisconsin (Independent) 0.04%, Minnesota and New Jersey (both People's Party) 0.03% each. California provided 41,731 of their national 49,016 tally.

Election history:
1968 - Peace and Freedom Party nomination for US President - defeated
1968 - Freedom and Peace Party nomination for US President - withdrew
1972 - Democratic Party nomination for US Vice-President - defeated
1972 - Liberal Party nomination for US President - defeated
1972 - US President (People's Party) - defeated
1980 - Peace and Freedom Party nomination for US President - defeated

Other occupations: doctor, author, honorary co-chair (with Gore Vidal) of the New Party.

Buried: Seaview Cemetery (Rockport, Maine)

Notes:
I am told I was raised by the precepts of Spock's book and here I am running a blog about third party Vice-Presidential candidates so obviously I turned out quite normal.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

David Frost








David Frost, December 19, 1925 (New York, NY) -

VP candidate for Peace Freedom Alternative (aka Peace-Freedom Alliance Party) (1968)

Running mate with nominee: Dick Gregory (1932-2017)
Popular vote: 8084 (0.01%)
Electoral vote: 0/538

The campaign:

After his unsuccessful run for Mayor of Chicago in 1967 as an independent, comedian and activist Dick Gregory wanted another shot at elected office and decided to run for President as an outsider. As he said in an interview during the 1968 campaign, "I feel the two-party system is obsolete. The two-party system is so corrupt and immoral that it cannot solve the problems confronting the masses of people in this country. I did agree to accept the nomination in various states from independent organizations who had already had a position on the ballot and this why I have accepted."

Gregory ran in several states as a write-in or sometimes showed up on the ballot itself, under the banner of multiple political parties, with various running mates. No matter what the platform of the party he was using as a vehicle, Dick Gregory was still Dick Gregory.

When the newly created Peace and Freedom Party held their first chaotic convention, Dick Gregory was outvoted in the nomination process by Black Panther Party leader Eldridge Cleaver. In New Jersey Gregory was run under the newly created Peace Freedom Alternative name, with anti-war Democrat David Frost as his running mate. New Jersey was the only state where this ticket was presented.

If the newspapers of the era are any indication, Frost campaigned chiefly among college and university students.

The Gregory campaign placed 5th nationally (outpolling Cleaver) with 47,149 popular votes (0.06%). The Gregory/Frost ticket earned 8084 (0.28%) popular votes in the Garden State.

Election history:
1966 - US Senate (NJ) (Democratic) - primary - defeated

Other occupations: research biologist, Rutgers science professor, science and medical editor, Chairman of NJ SANE (Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy)

Notes:
As of this writing Mr. Frost appears to not only be among the living, but also still quite active in contributing to his community in Plainfield, NJ.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Mark Lane
















Mark Lane, February 24, 1927 (New York, NY) – May 10, 2016 (Charlottesville, Va.)

VP candidate for Committee for the Write-in Vote for Dick Gregory and Mark Lane (1968)
VP candidate for New Party (1968)
VP candidate for New Politics Party (1968)
VP candidate for Citizens for Independent Political Action (1968)
VP candidate for Freedom and Peace Party (1968)
VP candidate for Peace and Freedom Party (1968)

Running mate with nominee: Dick Gregory (1932-2017)
Popular vote: 37,369 (0.05%)
Electoral vote: 0/538

The campaign:

After his unsuccessful run for Mayor of Chicago in 1967 as an independent, comedian and activist Dick Gregory wanted another shot at elected office and decided to run for President as an outsider. As he said in an interview during the 1968 campaign, "I feel the two-party system is obsolete. The two-party system is so corrupt and immoral that it cannot solve the problems confronting the masses of people in this country. I did agree to accept the nomination in various states from independent organizations who had already had a position on the ballot and this why I have accepted."

Gregory ran in several states as a write-in or sometimes showed up on the ballot itself, under the banner of multiple political parties, with various running mates. No matter what the platform of the party he was using as a vehicle, Dick Gregory was still Dick Gregory. Mark Lane was Gregory's main Vice-Presidential team partner in this election.

In 1968 Lane was best known as a Leftist activist and attorney who had been arrested at a segregation protest in the South while still holding an elected office of New York Assemblyman. He also was famous for being one of the earliest of the JFK assassination conspiracy proponents and his book Rush to Judgment was a best-seller. A controversial figure throughout his entire career before and after 1968, he was a VP choice guaranteed to attract attention which, according to his critics, was something he craved.

When the newly created Peace and Freedom Party held their first chaotic convention, Dick Gregory was outvoted in the nomination process by Black Panther Party leader Eldridge Cleaver. In New York, as a power struggle emerged between the Old and New Left, a much more organized and apparently better funded rival Freedom and Peace Party was founded in June 1968. Like the Progressive Party of 1948-1952, there was a lot of chatter from both the FBI and from some on the Left that the FPP was a child of the Communist Party USA. There was no doubt CPUSA was one of the forces involved, but to what degree remains a matter of debate. 20 of the 324 delegates were members of the CPUSA.

The Freedom and Peace Party platform included: withdraw from the Vietnam War, end US support for Right-wing dictators, independence for Puerto Rico, recognize the People's Republic of China, nationalize the drug industry, end the draft, mandate a $2.00 state minimum wage, amnesty for all political prisoners including draft resisters, universal health insurance, affirmative action-type policies, and free higher education.

The FPP nominated Dr. Benjamin Spock for President and Coretta Scott King for VP. Both of them quickly withdrew their names from consideration. In a short time the names of Dick Gregory and Mark Lane were substituted.

New York was the only state where Gregory/Lane ran as Freedom and Peace Party candidates. In Colorado they were on the ballot as part of the New Party and in Pennsylvania they were registered for the ballot under the Peace and Freedom Party-- before Cleaver was nominated-- apparently due to filing deadlines.

There were also official Gregory/Lane write-in efforts in a few states. In California they were promoted by the Committee for the Write-in Vote for Dick Gregory and Mark Lane. The New Politics Party in Indiana found themselves with a blank slate when their proposed Eugene McCarthy/John Lindsay ticket turned them down, so they replaced them with Gregory/Lane. In Ohio they were supported by the Citizens for Independent Political Action.

It was Gregory as the comedian that landed him in the most trouble. The government was seriously disturbed when he issued campaign literature resembling $1 bills with his face adorning the currency and Lane's signature looking quite official. It looked real enough that he very nearly landed in jail. But Gregory knew no one could take it too seriously, "Everyone knows a black man will never be on a US bill." 

A member of the Socialist Workers Party observed that Gregory was living in the moment and more interested in providing a venue for a protest vote in this pivotal period of political realignment than he was in creating a lasting third party movement. Indeed, the Freedom and Peace Party evaporated within a short time after the election.

The Gregory campaign placed 5th nationally (outpolling Cleaver) with 47,149 popular votes (0.06%), 37,369 of those votes were with Lane on the ticket and most of that support came from New York. The Gregory/Lane result: New York 0.36%, Colorado 0.17%, Pennsylvania 0.16%, California 0.04%, Ohio 0.01%, Indiana 0.00%. Although the ticket ran under various party names it would be the Freedom and Peace Party that future list-makers would tie to them.

Election history:
1961-1963 - New York State Assembly (Democratic)
1962 - US House of Representatives (NY) (Democratic) - primary - defeated

Other occupations: soldier (US Army), attorney, author

Buried: ?

Notes:
"Richard Nixon is living in the White House today because of what happened that night in Chicago. Hubert Humphrey lost that election by a handful of votes -- mine among them -- and if I had to do it again I would still vote for Dick Gregory."--Hunter S. Thompson
Lane later co-authored, with Gregory, the book Code Name Zorro about the MLK assassination.
Was present and hiding in the jungle during the 1978 Jonestown mass suicide.

Monday, October 7, 2019

Richard Claxton Gregory


Dick Gregory and Eugene McCarthy, Chicago, August 1968

Richard Claxton Gregory, October 12, 1932 (St. Louis, Mo.) – August 19, 2017 (Washington, DC)

VP candidate for New Party (1968)

Running mate with nominee: Eugene McCarthy (1916-2005)
Popular vote: ? (0.00%)
Electoral vote: 0/538

The campaign:

In 1968 an obscure political figure, US Sen. Eugene McCarthy (Minn.), challenged incumbent President Johnson in the Democratic primaries. McCarthy's anti-war stance energized a whole new generation of young activists who were really in the first wave of voters to have grown up entirely in the shadow of the atomic/nuclear mushroom cloud and thus felt a visceral sense of urgency the older generations for the most part failed to grasp.

McCarthy became a David to Johnson's Goliath, and within a short time LBJ decided to drop out of the race, opening it up for Sen. Robert Kennedy and Vice-President Hubert Humphrey. McCarthy soon found himself outspent and outflanked by the better known candidates and was marginalized to the far Left by the Democratic Party establishment. After the Party convention  McCarthy waited until the very last week of the campaign to finally give a lukewarm endorsement to Humphrey.

In the meantime, McCarthy's followers were not so easily defeated. The 1968 Democratic convention in Chicago was a bloody affair and Humphrey was seen as being too closely tied to the unpopular LBJ. McCarthy's followers were prepared to go all the way to November, attempting to get his name on the ballot in several states as a "fourth party" since George Wallace already had the primo "third party" position.

By early September 1968 it was too late for McCarthy's followers to place him on the ballot in many states, so energetic write-in campaigns were waged. In Georgia, Oregon, and Rhode Island groups sprang up to work for McCarthy. In Michigan there was the McCarthy Write-In Committee, Massachusetts had three groups pushing for the Senator-- Citizens for Participation Politics, Conference for New Political Action, and the Flag Party-- and in New York there was the Coalition for Independent Candidacy (aka Coalition Party). As far as I could ascertain, none of the above proposals included a running mate.

McCarthy had various running mates and different party banners in other states. The most coordinated effort, such as it was, concerned the New Party, formed chiefy by Marcus Raskin, co-director of the Institute for Policy Studies. "If we cannot force a realignment of political structures," said Raskin, "There will be mass violence."

Raskin's document Why the New Party? included:

Across the nation there is a general revulsion for the political parties which in reality have built their power on the interests of special groups that have no base among the people, which maintain power through war and cold war, privilege selling and the granting of favors to the few.

Young people, workers on the line in the factory and in the offices, women, farmers, black and brown people have come to believe that the two political parties are far too deeply implicated in causing the basic problems of American society to do anything toward resolving them.

The Democratic and Republican parties have allowed the cities to decay, encouraged and sustained a huge military establishment, supported a reckless and morally indefensible colonial war in Vietnam, and diverted the economy for wasteful and dangerous activity.


Although the Party was born in the Left, Raskin voiced a belief his anti-Establishment message could resonate with George Wallace voters as well.

The New Party thought about nominating McCarthy, as well as considering Sen. George McGovern, actor Paul Newman, NYC Mayor John Lindsay, Dr. Benjamin Spock, and Justice William O. Douglas. But in the end they decided to allow each state to nominate whatever ticket they wanted. It is difficult to say if the New Party operated under variant names across the country.

McCarthy himself disavowed this fourth party activity and took steps to keep his name off the November ballot. Raskin didn't care. He said McCarthy was going to be nominated whether he liked or not. They wanted his name and star power.

In Indiana the New Politics Party, which may or may not have been connected with Raskin, nominated McCarthy and Lindsay, who in turn had their names removed. So the Party quickly replaced the old pair with Dick Gregory and his running mate Mark Lane.

Dick Gregory was a ground-breaking African American comedian who became better known as a political activist than as an entertainer. I first became aware of Gregory in the 1960s when he protested in favor of the Nisqually Indians treaty fishing rights. For his trouble he was tossed into the Thurston County jail in Olympia, Washington where he engaged in a fast. In those days the jail was in the old courthouse across the street from the Capitol campus. The Nisqually people had set up a camp across the street on the Cap campus lawn in a show of support for Gregory. Talking with them was a political education for me and left a deep impression, so in that sense Gregory was successful in communicating his message to at least one individual. 

Gregory and Lane were already running as the Freedom and Peace Party ticket, a splinter group from the Peace and Freedom Party. In Colorado Gregory/Lane found a place on the ballot running in the New Party.

However in the State of Illinois Gregory would find himself as the Vice-Presidential nominee rather than having his name at the top of the ticket. In that state there were at least three groups agitating for McCarthy: the Palatine Politics for Peace Committee, the Illinois Citizens for McCarthy, and the New Party. The latter group selected Dick Gregory as McCarthy's running mate. It could be that members of the Illinois New Party still had the fresh memory of Gregory and McCarthy addressing protesters together at Grant Park during the Democratic convention in Chicago.

Gregory was possibly addressing the Illinois proposed ticket when he said in a filmed interview why he was running as a write-in: "I feel the two-party system is obsolete. The two-party system is so corrupt and immoral that it cannot solve the problems confronting the masses of people in this country. I did agree to accept the nomination in various states from independent organizations who had already had a position on the ballot and this why I have accepted. Senator McCarthy is a Democrat and I wouldn't expect him to accept a nomination but a Democratic nomination because he is still a Democrat. He is not an independent."

As usual, McCarthy refused to have anything to do with the New Party effort and and his name was removed from consideration, but die-hard supporters would forge on anyway. The McCarthy/Gregory popular vote result is lost somewhere in the 325 "scattered" write-ins listed for Illinois.

Election history:
1967 - Mayor of Chicago (Independent) - defeated
1968 - Peace and Freedom Party nomination for President - defeated
1968 - US President (Freedom and Peace Party/Peace and Freedom Party/New Party/New Politics Party) - defeated

Other occupations: comedian, soldier (US Army), activist

Buried: Fort Lincoln Cemetery (Brentwood, Md.)

Notes:
Winner of the 1967 mayoral race was Richard J. Daley. Another opponent was Lar Daly.
"I waited at the counter of a white restaurant for eleven years. When they finally integrated, they
 didn’t have what I wanted."
"I never learned hate at home, or shame. I had to go to school for that."
"A Klanner (KKK) is a cat who gets out of bed in the middle of the night and takes his sheet with
 him."
"I never believed in Santa Claus because I knew no white dude would come into my neighborhood
 after dark."
"You know the definition of a Southern moderate? That’s a cat that’ll lynch you from a low tree."
"For a black man, there's no difference between the North and the South. In the South, they don't
 mind how close I get, as long as I don't get too big. In the North, they don't mind how big I get, as
 long as I don't get too close."
"Last time I was down South I walked into this restaurant, and this white waitress came up to me and
 said: 'We don't serve colored people here.' I said: 'that's all right, I don't eat colored people. Bring me
 a whole fried chicken.'"
"Baseball is very big with my people. It figures. It's the only way we can get to shake a bat at a white
 man without starting a riot."
"We used to root for the Indians against the cavalry, because we didn't think it was fair in the history
 books that when the cavalry won it was a great victory, and when the Indians won it was a
 massacre."
When asked how activists could resist the Trump administration, Gregory responded, "You don’t
 have to do nothing ... this country is not going to make four years, it’s over."



Saturday, October 5, 2019

John Vliet Lindsay







John Vliet Lindsay, November 24, 1921 (New York, NY) – December 19, 2000 (Hilton Head Island, SC)

VP candidate for New Party (1968)
VP candidate for Californians for an Alternative (1968)
VP candidate for Independent (1968)
VP candidate for Liberal Principle Party (1968)
VP candidate for Americans for a New America (1968)

Running mate with nominee: Eugene McCarthy (1916-2005)
Popular vote: 25,057 (0.04%)    
Electoral vote: 0/538

The campaign:

In 1968 an obscure political figure, US Sen. Eugene McCarthy (Minn.), challenged incumbent President Johnson in the Democratic primaries. McCarthy's anti-war stance energized a whole new generation of young activists who were really in the first wave of voters to have grown up entirely in the shadow of the atomic/nuclear mushroom cloud and thus felt a visceral sense of urgency the older generations for the most part failed to grasp.

McCarthy became a David to Johnson's Goliath, and within a short time LBJ decided to drop out of the race, opening it up for Sen. Robert Kennedy and Vice-President Hubert Humphrey. McCarthy soon found himself outspent and outflanked by the better known candidates and was marginalized to the far Left by the Democratic Party establishment. After the Party convention  McCarthy waited until the very last week of the campaign to finally give a lukewarm endorsement to Humphrey.

In the meantime, McCarthy's followers were not so easily defeated. The 1968 Democratic convention in Chicago was a bloody affair and Humphrey was seen as being too closely tied to the unpopular LBJ. McCarthy's followers were prepared to go all the way to November, attempting to get his name on the ballot in several states as a "fourth party" since George Wallace already had the primo "third party" position.

By early September 1968 it was too late for McCarthy's followers to place him on the ballot in many states, so energetic write-in campaigns were waged. In Georgia, Oregon, and Rhode Island groups sprang up to work for McCarthy. In Michigan there was the McCarthy Write-In Committee, Massachusetts had three groups pushing for the Senator-- Citizens for Participation Politics, Conference for New Political Action, and the Flag Party-- and in New York there was the Coalition for Independent Candidacy (aka Coalition Party). As far as I could ascertain, none of the above proposals included a running mate.

McCarthy had various running mates and different party banners in other states. The most coordinated effort, such as it was, concerned the New Party, formed chiefly by Marcus Raskin, co-director of the Institute for Policy Studies. "If we cannot force a realignment of political structures," said Raskin, "There will be mass violence."

Raskin's document Why the New Party? included:

Across the nation there is a general revulsion for the political parties which in reality have built their power on the interests of special groups that have no base among the people, which maintain power through war and cold war, privilege selling and the granting of favors to the few.

Young people, workers on the line in the factory and in the offices, women, farmers, black and brown people have come to believe that the two political parties are far too deeply implicated in causing the basic problems of American society to do anything toward resolving them.

The Democratic and Republican parties have allowed the cities to decay, encouraged and sustained a huge military establishment, supported a reckless and morally indefensible colonial war in Vietnam, and diverted the economy for wasteful and dangerous activity.


Although the Party was born in the Left, Raskin voiced a belief his anti-Establishment message could resonate with George Wallace voters as well.

The New Party thought about nominating McCarthy, as well as considering Sen. George McGovern, actor Paul Newman, NYC Mayor John Lindsay, Dr. Benjamin Spock, and Justice William O. Douglas. But in the end they decided to allow each state to nominate whatever ticket they wanted. It is difficult to say if the New Party operated under variant names across the country.

McCarthy himself disavowed this fourth party activity and took steps to keep his name off the November ballot. Raskin didn't care. He said McCarthy was going to be nominated whether he liked or not. They wanted his name and star power.

The most popular McCarthy ticket was that where New York Mayor John Lindsay was his running mate. The New Party was actually successful in placing the McCarthy/Lindsay team on the Arizona ballot (although it seems the VP nominee names were not included?!), the only state where the Senator's name was printed as an option. In Vermont and New Hampshire, McCarthy and Lindsay managed to have their names removed, but the electors remained as a choice with a blank slate. The New Party in Texas had an active write-in campaign for McCarthy/Lindsay.

After McCarthy and Lindsay removed themselves as New Politics Party options in Indiana, they were replaced on the ballot by Dick Gregory and Mark Lane.

In California the McCarthy/Lindsay write-in effort was staged by a group called Californians for an Alternative, in Minnesota by the Liberal Principle Party, in Wisconsin by Americans for a New America. Connecticut also had some McCarthy/Lindsay activity.

Mayor Lindsay didn't really have a lot of time to deal with the involuntary VP draft. In hindsight Lindsay called the last few months of 1968 "the worst of my public life" as he dealt with multiple public employee strikes, the threat of race riots, and assassination threats. Even though he was liberal outsider in the Republican Party Lindsay was under consideration as a potential Vice-Presidential candidate with Nixon and gained a smattering of delegate votes for both positions at the 1968 convention. In 1971 Lindsay switched to the Democratic Party.

In terms of popular votes, California was the dominant treasure trove for the ticket. But in terms of state percentages they fared best in Arizona, the only state where McCarthy appeared on the ballot. Although Vermont and New Hampshire write-in electors were left without a candidate, I am including them in the final count as well since the original intention was McCarthy/Lindsay: Arizona 2751 (0.56%), Vermont 579 (0.36%), California 20721 (0.29%), New Hampshire 421 (0.14%), Minnesota 585 (00.4%). Figures for Connecticut, Texas and Wisconsin, probably in the hundreds, are not easily obtainable.

McCarthy's official popular vote total including all of his various running mates came to 25,634 (00.4%). I track 25,057 (0.03%) of those votes to the McCarthy/Lindsay ticket although it is a safe bet the number of uncertified write-ins nationwide probably places the result at a much higher number.

Years later McCarthy and Lindsay shared a program at the Denver Forum. I wonder if their 1968 ticket came up in discussion?

Election history:
1959-1965 - US House of Representatives (NY) (Republican)
1966-1973 - Mayor of New York, NY (Republican/Democratic/Liberal/Independent Citizens/Independent)
1968 - Republican nomination for US President - defeated
1968 - Republican nomination for US Vice-President - defeated
1972 - Democratic nomination for US President - defeated
1980 - US Senate (NY) (Democratic) - primary - defeated

Other occupations: sailor (US Navy WWII), bank clerk, attorney, actor, novelist, TV morning show guest host

Buried: Memorial Cemetery of Saint John's Church (Laurel Hollow, NY)

Notes:
Buried in the same cemetery as George Bruce Cortelyou, William S. Paley, and Henry Louis Stimson.
Some of his opponents in the 1965 Mayorial race included Abraham Beame, William F. Buckley,
 Clifton DeBerry and Eric Hass.
Winner of the 1980 primary was Elizabeth Holtzman.
In the Batman TV series of the era, Gotham City's chief municipal officer was Mayor Lindseed.